Energy and Earth science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the interactions between energy sources and the Earth system. Energy and Earth science covers topics such as conventional and renewable energy, energy policy and sustainability, energy conversion and storage, and energy impacts on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Energy and Earth science also examines the role of energy in the Earth’s history, climate, and geodynamics, as well as the challenges and opportunities for energy development and management in the future